Youth Gang Members Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Youth Gang Members - Essay Example The question whether convicted youth gang members should be treated like other juvenile delinquents including status offenders is very crucial in very many states. This resource manual strives to address this question. As a starting point, this paper will look at the evolvement of gangs and the background of juvenile justice system. There is no one accepted or straightforward definition of a gang. The public and media use the term ‘gang’ more loosely than those in the criminal justice system. A youth gang is commonly thought of as a self-formed association of peers having a gang name and recognizable symbols, identifiable leadership, a geographic territory, a regular meeting pattern, and collective actions to carry out illegal activities. Most gang members define their gang along one or two basic definitional lines which are involvement in crime and the affiliation and cultural aspects of gang membership that make it like a family in the eyes of many members. The youth g ang problem in many states has become an important policy issue largely because of the increasing youth gang violence and the apparent proliferation of youth gangs throughout all sectors of the nations. Youth gangs pose a significant challenge in juvenile justice. There seems to be little evidence that the influence of these gangs is diminishing or that it will become less of a problem in the future. Therefore, it is important that practitioners in juvenile confinement facilities have good information about ways to address the nature and extent of youth gang problems. There are many reasons why youths join gangs and sometimes the adolescent doesn't exactly know why. However, some of the more common reasons include: To experience a sense of family, belonging or fellowship. To gain respect, a positive self-image, status. To experience power and control in their lives. To realize financial gain. For excitement and fun; and other social gains. For protection from neighborhood or rival gang violence. Because of recruitment intimidation. Because it is a family tradition. Due to peer pressure. Because the dangers of gang involvement are not understood. In the late 1800's, juvenile courts were established as an alternative to the adult criminal justice system. The juvenile justice system was designed specifically to meet the needs of non-violent, juvenile offenders and children at risk of becoming juvenile delinquents. Historically, juvenile crimes were considered "youthful indiscretions," warranting lenient treatment and rehabilitative responses. Unlike the offense-based adult system, the juvenile justice system is offender based, focusing on rehabilitation rather than punishment. Recently, many states have attempted to strike a balance among system and offender accountability, offender competency development and community protection. According to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child ("U.N. Child Convention"), which the General Assembly adopted and formally ratified in 1998, Children and adults should not be treated equally under the international human rights regime. Before proceeding, it is necessary to examine the special rights of children enumerated in the same. Anti-gang legislation was a sudden shift in the legal trajectory that could be traced for the treatment of juvenile delinquents. Previously, implementation of significant reforms including specialized procedures and legal norms for the treatment of juveniles in conflict with the law was encouraged. This exceptional process, however, was revoked under anti-gang legislation resulting in recognition and treatment of juve

High Involvement Management as a Management Tool to Intensify Work Essay

High Involvement Management as a Management Tool to Intensify Work - Essay Example According to Woods (2008), high involvement management as a management tool is focused on employee involvement in a particular work structure. The technique is mainly centered on the employee being allowed to make essential decisions regarding their jobs, as well as being part of the business. When looked at from a varying perspective, the employees are granted role empowerment. Bockerman, Bryson & Illmakunnas (2012) assert that employees who experience HIM have higher wellbeing and are less likely to absent from their duties when compared to like employees who are not subjected to the same conditions. Job demand control (JDC) model is founded on the fact that the value of employees in an organization is indispensable (Zirwatul, Ibrahim, and Ohtuska, 2012, 11). According to these authors, the success of an organization needs to be focused on the characteristics of the job as well as the wellbeing of the employees. Karasek and Theorell (1990) coined the job demand-control-support (JDCS) model that relates the characteristics of the job to wellbeing. From the brief definitions discussed, it is evident that JDC and JDCS models relate to high involvement management technique directly and with respect to the wellbeing of the employees. This brings back the thesis question; is high involvement management a tool that is used by managers to intensify work? Karasek (1979) points out that job demands are the stressors involved in completing an assigned workload. Such stressors are psychological and may relate to tasks that were not expected or a conflict between personal issues and the job (291). It is directly evident that work output by an employee who is stressed by such issues cannot be equal to a sober-minded employee who has no issue disturbing them. Karasek had an additional concept of latitude that that is based on decision authority and skill discretion (1979). e